Rutka's Notebook: A Voice from the Holocaust. More than sixty years after her 1943 death in Auschwitz, the words of fourteen-year-old Rutka Laskier, a young Jewish girl from Bedzin, Poland, offer a poignant study of the everyday lives of Polish Jews caught up in the Holocaust.

Rut 'Rutka' Laskier (June 12, 1929–1943) was a JewishPolish diarist who is best known for her 1943 diary chronicling the three months of her life during the Holocaust in Poland. She was murdered at Auschwitz concentration camp in 1943 at the age of fourteen. Her manuscript, authenticated by Holocaust scholars and survivors, was published in the Polish language for the first time ever in early 2006. It has been compared to the diary of Anne Frank.

• 1Biography
• 3Discovery of Laskier's diary
• 6See also

Biography[edit]

Rut Laskier was born in Krakow to Dwojra (Deborah) Hampel, daughter of Abram Chil Hampel, and Jakub (Yaakov) Laskier, who worked as a bank officer.^[1] Her family was well off. Her grandfather served as co-owner of Laskier-Kleinberg & Co, a milling company that owned and operated a grist mill.^[2]

In 1939, the municipal government was taken over by the German Nazi Party (NSDAP) following the city's surrender during the German invasion of Poland. It quickly began to engage in anti-Semitic violence and state-sponsored discrimination. Many Jews were fired from their positions and fled Danzig.^[3][4]

Rutka moved with her family to the southern Polish city of Będzin, from whence her paternal grandparents hailed. Following the German invasion of Poland, while in the Będzin Ghetto, Rutka Laskier, age 14, wrote a 60-page diary in Polish, chronicling several months of her life under the Nazi rule in 1943. Her diary remained in the hands of Rutka's surviving friend for 64 years and was not released to the public until 2005.^[2][5]

The Holocaust[edit]

Laskier's family was forced to move to the newly formed Jewish Ghetto in Będzin during the Holocaust in World War II. Rutka was deported from the ghetto and was believed to have died in a gas chamber, age 14, along with her mother and brother, upon arrival with her family at the Auschwitz concentration camp in August 1943.^[2]

However, when her diary appeared in a book, it was revealed in 2008 that she was not sent to the gas chambers along with them. Zofia Minc (later Galler), a fellow prisoner who survived, revealed in a published account of her time at Auschwitz, that Laskier slept in the barrack next to her until falling victim to a cholera outbreak in December 1943. Another prisoner pushed Laskier, still alive, in a wheelbarrow to an underground gas chamber. According to Zahava Scherz, Israeli-born daughter of Rutka's father by his subsequent marriage,^[6] Rutka begged Zofia to take her to the electric fence so she could kill herself, but an SS guard following them would not allow it. Rutka was then taken directly to the crematory.^[7]

Rutka's father was the only member of the family who survived the Holocaust. Following World War II, he emigrated to Israel, where he remarried and had another daughter, Zahava Scherz. He died in 1986.^[8] According to Zahava Scherz, interviewed in the BBC documentary The Secret Diary of the Holocaust (broadcast in January 2009),^[9] he never told Scherz about Rutka until she discovered a photo album when she herself was 14, which contained a picture of Rutka with her younger brother. Scherz asked her father who they were, and he answered her truthfully, but never spoke of it again. She went on to explain that she only learned of the existence of Rutka's diary in 2006, and she expressed how much it has meant to her to be able to get to know the young woman she regarded as her half-sister.^[10]

Diary[edit]

From 19 January to 24 April 1943, without her family's knowledge, Laskier kept a diary in an ordinary school notebook, writing in both ink and pencil, making entries sporadically. In it, she discussed atrocities she witnessed committed by the Nazis, and described daily life in the ghetto, as well as innocent teenage love interests. She also wrote about the gas chambers at the concentration camps, indicating that the horrors of the camps had filtered back to those still living in the ghettos.

The diary begins on 19 January with the entry 'I cannot grasp that it is already 1943, four years since this hell began.'^[2] One of the final entries says 'If only I could say, it's over, you die only once.. But I can't, because despite all these atrocities, I want to live, and wait for the following day.'^[2]

Laskier describes how her faith in God 'has been completely shattered' in the concentration camp. Laskier wrote: 'The little faith I used to have has been completely shattered. If God existed, He would have certainly not permitted that human beings be thrown alive into furnaces, and the heads of little toddlers be smashed with gun butts or shoved into sacks and gassed to death.'^[11]

Discovery of Laskier's diary[edit]

In 1943, while writing the diary, Laskier shared it with Stanisława Sapińska (21 years old, at that time), whom she had befriended after Laskier's family moved into a home owned by Sapińska's Roman Catholic family, which had been confiscated by the Nazis so that it could be included in the ghetto.^[10]

Laskier gradually came to realise she would not survive, and, realizing the importance of her diary as a document of what had happened to the Jewish population of Będzin, asked Sapińska to help her hide the diary. Sapińska showed Laskier how to hide the diary in her house under the double flooring in a staircase, between the first and second floors.^[12]

After the ghetto was evacuated and all its inhabitants sent to the death camp, Sapińska returned to the house and retrieved the diary. She kept it in her home library for 63 years and did not share it with anyone but members of her immediate family. In 2005, Adam Szydłowski, the chairman of the Center of Jewish Culture of the Zagłębie Region of Poland, was told by one of Sapińska's nieces about the existence of the diary.^[13]

With help from Sapińska's nephew, he obtained a photocopy of the diary and was instrumental in the publishing of its Polish-language edition. Its publication by Yad Vashem Publications was commemorated with a ceremony in Jerusalem by Yad Vashem (the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority), Israel's Holocaust museum, on 4 June 2007, in which Zahava Scherz took part. At this ceremony, Sapińska also donated the original diary to Yad Vashem.^[14]

The diary, which has been authenticated by Holocaust scholars and survivors, has been compared to the diary of Anne Frank, the best known Holocaust-era diary. Coincidentally, Rutka Laskier was born the same day as Anne Frank.^[1] and, in both cases, of their entire families, only their fathers survived the war.^[15]

Publication of diary[edit]

The manuscript, as edited by Stanisław Bubin, was published in the Polish language by a Polish publisher in early 2006. In June 2007, Yad Vashem Publications published English and Hebrew translations of the diary, entitled Rutka's Notebook: January–April 1943.^[10]

Printings[edit]

• Laskier, Rutka (2006). Pamiętnik Rutki Laskier (Rutka Laskier's Diary). Katowice, Poland; ISBN978-83-89956-42-2.
• Laskier, Rutka (2007). Rutka's Notebook: January–April 1943. Foreword by Dr Zahava Sherz; historical introduction by Dr Bella Gutterman. Jerusalem, Israel: Yad Vashem Publications.^[10]

Adaptations[edit]

• Laskier's diary is the focus of the 2009 BBC One documentary The Secret Diary of the Holocaust
• The Czech post-hardcore band Rutka Laskier, formed in 2015, is named after her
• The 2018 novel Rutka by Polish writer Zbigniew Białas is inspired by her story

See also[edit]

Teenaged Holocaust diarists[edit]

• Hélène Berr - a French diarist
• Hana Brady (aka Hana 'Hanička' Bradyová) - subject of the children's book Hana's Suitcase
• Helga Deen – wrote a diary in Herzogenbusch concentration camp (Camp Vught)
• Anne Frank - a Jewish holocaust victim; author of The Diary of a Young Girl
• Renia Spiegel - a Jewish diarist in Poland
• Etty Hillesum – wrote a diary in Amsterdam and Camp Westerbork (Etty Hillesum and the Flow of Presence: A Voegelinian Analysis)
• Věra Kohnová - a Czech diarist
• David Koker - wrote a diary in Herzogenbusch concentration camp

Other[edit]

• Calel Perechodnik - Polish Jewish ghetto policeman who wrote a memoir, Am I a Murderer?
• Henio Zytomirski - Polish Jewish victim of the Holocaust (Letters to Henio)

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abRutka Laskier's Birth Record Finally Located: Announcement by Jewish Records Poland-Indexing, Inc. and The Bedzin-Sosnowiec-Zawiercie Area Research Society
2. ^ ^abcdeEtgar Lefkovits (5 June 2007), 'Polish 'Anne Frank' diary revealed', The Jerusalem Post; retrieved 6 June 2007.
3. ^Gippert, Wolfgang. 'Die 'Lösung der Judenfrage' in der Freien Stadt Danzig' (in German). Zukunft braucht Erinnerung.
4. ^Epstein, Catherine (2010). Model Nazi: Arthur Greiser and the Occupation of Western Poland. Oxford University Press. p. 103. ISBN978-0-19-954641-1.
5. ^The 2007 photograph of original manuscript by Rutka Laskier, Internet Archive via archive.org; accessed 21 December 2016.
6. ^The Secret Diary of the Holocaust, BBC.co.uk; accessed 20 December 2016.
7. ^« Dans notre block, je dormais à côté de mon amie, Rutka Laskier, de Bedzin. Elle était tellement belle, que même le Dr Mengele l’avait remarquée. Une épidémie de typhus et de choléra a alors éclaté. Rutka a attrapé le choléra. En quelques heures, elle est devenue méconnaissable. Elle n’était plus qu’une ombre pitoyable. Je l’ai moi-même transportée dans une brouette au crématoire. Elle me suppliait de l’amener jusqu’aux barbelés pour se jeter dessus et mourir électrocutée, mais un SS marchait derrière moi avec un fusil et il ne m’a pas laissé faire. » in 'Journal d’outre-tombe' by Nathalie Dubois and Maja Żółtowska, Libération (10 March 2008) (French).
8. ^WPR Interview with Zahava Scherz, wpr.org; accessed 21 December 2016.
9. ^BBC One Programmes - The Secret Diary of the HolocaustArchived 14 February 2011 at WebCite
10. ^ ^abcdYad Vashem, Rutka's Notebook - January-April 1943 Publications.
11. ^Aron Heller, 'New Pages of Past Horror: Writings depict the innocence of a Jewish teen coming of age—and Nazi brutality', Associated Press, 6 June 2006.
12. ^Pamiętnik Rutki (Rutka's Diary)Archived 2008-03-28 at the Wayback Machine, after Dziennik Zachodni (Polish); accessed 26 January 2018.
13. ^'Rozmowa z Adamem Szydłowskim, prezesem Zagłębiowskiego Centrum Kultury Żydowskiej' (Conversation with Adam Szydłowski, the chairman of the Center of Jewish Culture of the Zagłębie Region), by Marek Nycz, after Dziennik Zachodni (Polish) Archived 14 February 2011 at WebCite
14. ^Biblioteka Narodowa: dziennik Rutki Laskier wywieziono nielegalnie (National Library: Rutka Laskier's diary was illegally exported), after Dziennik Zachodni (5 October 2008) (Polish) Archived 14 February 2011 at WebCite
15. ^Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem (5 June 2007). 'Polish girl's Holocaust diary unveiled after 60 years'. The journal of Rutka Laskier, the 'Polish Anne Frank'. Diary reveals horror of life in Polish ghetto. Rutka Laskier wrote the 60-page diary over a four-month period in Bedzin, Poland.

Further reading[edit]

• Rutka Laskier diary page from Yad Vashem site
• Article about the diary of Rutka Laskier (Polish)
• Articles about Rutka Laskier (Polish)

External links[edit]

• NPR story from All Things Considered program, July 5, 2007
• BBC - BBC One Programmes - The Secret Diary of the Holocaust detailing the 2009 BBC Documentary The Secret Diary of the Holocaust which largely follows Scherz's journey to discover her half-sister (Rutka) and contains her own account of family life with their shared father after the war.

News article link[edit]

The yahoo.com link will only remain valid for about a month or so.. AnonMoos 00:43, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Gdansk[edit]

Polish Wikipedia says that she was born in Gdansk. What is the source for this? Badagnani 17:37, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

• Sorry I don't speak english. Ifo comes from the end of the book in separation “From Rutka to Ruta” (Polish edition of the diary of Rutka Laskier). Rutka, she born in the Gdańsk, after family put over to the parents city (Będzin). Mateusz Opasiński 21:44, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

I do not think the Free City of Danzig was 'a German enclave' by any stretch. It was neither German, nor Polish. Otherwise it would not be referred to as 'Free'.128.146.238.235 17:57, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Our own article says it was 90% German. That sounds like a 'German enclave,' doesn't it? Badagnani 18:03, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

What do you mean by 'our own'? And what do you mean by 90%? In terms of ethnicity? If so, it does not matter. Legally, the City was neither a part of Poland, nor Germany. Look up the definition of 'enclave' and change the text accordingly. Otherwise, you are re-writing history.

'Our own article' means 'the English-language Wikipedia's article' (about the Free City of Danzig). It says 90% of that city were German speakers. Badagnani 18:33, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

I've just changed the wording to: 'Laskier was born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk), then a predominantly German-speaking autonomous city-state in northern Poland.' Is that okay? Badagnani 18:36, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

It is not OK, the Free City was not in northern Poland. It was not part of Poland at all. And I would drop the bit about what language people spoke there. It is irrelevant here.

BTW, the woman's name is 'Stanisława Sapińska' not 'Stanisławą Sapińską'. The latter is the causative case of the former (with the extra diacritics used in Polish only). It needs to be changed throughout the English text.

What does it mean 'causative case'? Badagnani 18:51, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

'Causative' means by whom an action was performed. In English, say, the name Badagnani retains the same form irrespective of what role it plays in a sentence (by Badagnani, with Badagnani, about Badagnani, for Badagnani). It is not the case in Polish (Badagnani, Badagnaniego, Badagnaniemu, etc.). You must have copied the form 'Stanisławą Sapińską' from the Polish wiki. Her proper name is 'Stanisława Sapińska' and, because in English it remains the same in any santence, this form should be used throughout.

That's helpful. The Slavic languages have a different logic about this. The closest thing we have in English would be 'Badagnani's' to show possession. Badagnani 19:28, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

At least people should know where it is. It wasn't part of Poland, but it was inside northern Poland. That just tells readers where it was, geographically. 'North-central Europe' is maybe not specific enough. Badagnani 18:53, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Do people generally know where Gdansk is? If not, maybe 'the Free City of Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland)'

I'm from the U.S. and am very good at geography, but even I don't know what regions of Poland any of the major cities are (Krakow, Warsaw, Katowice, etc.). I think most North Americans don't know either. The reason I added 'northern Poland' is because we already said that Bedzin is in southern Poland, so it can show that the family's move was not a close one, but a long one. Badagnani 19:18, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Yeah, but Bedzin, unlike the Free City, WAS (an is) a part of Poland. If you want to show that a move was a long one why not 'the Free City of Danzig (now Gdansk, northern Poland)'. Linking the Free City to Poland would be, at least, confusing.

I made a change in the text; see what you think. Your expertise and input is greatly appreciated. Badagnani 19:43, 8 June 2007 (UTC)I think it's OK now.

One more thing.. 'Młynarskiej Laskier-Kleinberg and Company'.. 'Młynarskiej' is an adjective derived from the noun 'Młyn' (eng. a mill). It is not a person's name. So maybe, 'Laskier-Kleinberg Mill Company'?

Yes, but isn't Młynarskiej part of the name of the company, since it's capitalized? Badagnani 19:42, 8 June 2007 (UTC)No, it is not (who capitalized it anyway?). The corresponding entry in the Polish Wiki says 'firmy mlynarskiej' which is not a proper name (it simply means 'a mill company'). But I see where the problem is.. the mill company was owned by Laskier, Kleinberg, and some other guys (hence 'and Company'). 'Lakier-Kleinberg and Co. Mill Company' looks and sounds awfull. Any idea how to change it? 'Lakier-Kleinberg and Co. Mill Consortium'? BTW the company OWNED the grist mill (among other things, I guess). So, the company and the mill were not one and the same thing.

It must have been my mistake. I'll try to fix it. Badagnani 20:09, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

'Sapińska offered to hide the diary in her house's basement, under the double flooring in a staircase, so that people would be able to know what had happened to the Jewish people of Będzin'

I know exactly what you meant to convey, but in the present form it looks odd - if you hide something, how does it make other people know/learn about it? Besides, is 'house's basement' or 'the basement of her house' better?

The wording was awkward, you're right. See what you think now. Oh, if you could sign your posts by adding four tildes ~~~~after your posts, that will help other editors to know who you are. Thanks, Badagnani 20:34, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

It looks much better now. I always forget those four tildes.. One more thing.. In the sentence 'In 1943, while writing the diary, Laskier shared it with Stanisława Sapińska (b. ca. 1918), whom she had befriended after Laskier's family moved into a home owned by Sapińska's family, which had been confiscated by the Nazis so that it could be included in the ghetto.'

Maybe it would be better to change 'a home owned by Sapinska's family' into 'the Sapinska family home'. The way it is now, it seems to suggest it was the family (not the home) that had been confiscated by the Nazis (sic!)128.146.238.235 22:17, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

I agree that the wording is not great, and maybe confusing. Also, some articles say it was a home and some say that it was an apartment. And it isn't clear why one of the articles say that it was later incorporated into the ghetto, when the Laskier family apparently moved out of the house into the ghetto. Badagnani 22:19, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

The Polish word 'dom' (eng. home) has a dual meaning (as does its English counterpart). So a cardboard box under a bridge can be 'a home' in a spiritual sense. Anyway, there was nobody in any ghetto throughout Poland who lived in 'a home' (in terms of size). If anything, many families would be squeezed into one apartment (or a home). The way a ghetto was created was to take a part of the city, empty it of ethnic Poles, and move in all the Jewish folks from the surrounding area. If the Laskiers had lived outside the designated area, they would be forcibly moved in. If Sapinska lived inside the designated area (it was the case, obviously) she would be moved out. So the two families (the Laskiers and the Sapinskas) did not live together. In other words, 'a home owned by the Sapinska family' is factually incorrect. It ceased to be theirs after it was designated to be part of the ghetto. It seems to me, however, that the ghetto was not sealed as the two girls were able to interact with each other.128.146.238.235 22:48, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

What you say seems to make a lot of sense. Maybe you could get and read the book in Polish to make sure? It also seems, from her current age of 89, that Sapinska was not Rutka's age but was about 25 years old, in 1943. Badagnani 22:54, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

I also live in Ohio, so I do not have this book in Polish handy. Do you know of any Polish bookstores in the Columbus are, lol. I actually wanted to read it because the excerpts I read in English seemed way too mature for a young teen (I blame the translation though). And I was also suprised she wrote it in Polish (and not Yiddish).128.146.238.235 23:03, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Not « in Polish » ! In « good Polish » ! : « Widać to po pamiętniku Rutki, która pisała go piękną polszczyzną. »… (cf. <http://katowice.naszemiasto.pl/pamietnik_rutki/specjalna_artykul/534152.html>.) Budelberger (talk) 00:03, 16 March 2008 (UTC).

It's not clear that the Sapinskas didn't own more than one home or apartment property, so I'm not sure if it was 'the' home of the Sapinskas or just one of several that they owned. Badagnani 22:21, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Be realistic, the Sapinskas could not be property magnates. It was wartime in occupied Poland. The Sapinskas were kicked out from their family home after it had been designated to part of the ghetto. The Laskiers were moved in. The Sapinskas had to find themselves some other place to live (outsied ghetto proper). Do not apply the common sense of today to what was going on in occupied Poland 65 years ago.128.146.238.235 22:56, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

This is a bit of a pendantic comment, but when one refers to the family of Ms. Sapinska, in Polish it would be the 'Sapinski's', as in Polish last names with the 'ski' ending are gender sensitive: thus: Mr. Sapniski, Ms. Sapinska, the Sapinski's. --Patpecz 04:53, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

• OK, good point, but it doesn't say 'the Sapinska family' but 'Sapinska's family,' so it seems correct in the wording. Badagnani 04:58, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

I'm not; I'm just going by the wording in the English-language newspaper reports. Probably U.S. journalists don't know as much as you do about this, and they were getting the info second hand from the people at Yad Vashem. But you're most likely right. Is this what you get from the Polish-language sources on this? Or have you already read the book in Polish? Badagnani 23:04, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

The Polish sources do not need to explain the backgroud as it is common knowledge in Poland. So in a sense, you are right. The Sapinskas owned two properties (although not at the same time). When they moved out of their family home (to make room for the Laskiers), they found shelter somewhere else. And no, I have not read the book in Polish (but, as I said before, the English translation seems a bit too mature)128.146.238.235 23:23, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

OK, if you'd like to fix it you should go ahead. If you could add the process the ghettos were created (as you explained to me) that would be very, very good because I don't think most people understand that. I think most people think the Jewish ghetto areas were always there, since the Middle Ages. Badagnani 23:33, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Discrepancies[edit]

It seems the first English-language articles about this subject got several things wrong. This is one of them. A few footnotes are in order, to clarify these mistakes. Badagnani 03:59, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

If you think this edit is wrong, then remove it as it is unsourced. Unsourced things that could be wrong in a biography should be aggressively removed. Royalbroil 04:54, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

I'm saying the opposite: that the English-language sources on which we based the first version of the article got things slightly wrong, and our olish contributor has fixed it by sourcing from the Polish diary publication. That's one of the beauties of Wikipedia, that we continually improve. Badagnani 13:59, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Nickname[edit]

The first name of this girl is not « Rutka » but « Rut », « Ruth » : Poles love nicknames. When Wikipedia talks about Stanisława Sapińska, it doesn't call her « Stasia »… nor Jakub (Yaakov) Laskier « Kuba »… nor Zofia Minc « Zosia »… It seems to me that in the Laskier family, they all have two names, a Hebrew and a Polish one. I don't know the Polish first name of Rut Laskier.

Budelberger (talk) 13:35, 6 January 2009 (UTC) ().

This would require a source. All the sources refer to her as 'Rutka Laskier.' Badagnani (talk) 23:11, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

Learn Polish before talking about Poland. --Budelberger (talk) 00:03, 7 January 2009 (UTC) ().

I'm sorry, I don't understand. Badagnani (talk) 03:54, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Preview[edit]

Badagnani did 14 (!) edits in 13 (!) minutes – 6:45–6:58 – !!! Does he know that, before publishing, we may, we MUST, preview our revisions ?…

Budelberger (talk) 14:53, 6 January 2009 (UTC) ().

If you would kindly moderate your tone, it would be much better. Thank you for your consideration. Badagnani (talk) 23:11, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

If you would kindly moderate your edits, here : 14/13 and there : 3/9, it would be much better. --Budelberger (talk) 00:03, 7 January 2009 (UTC) ().

I'm sorry, I don't understand. Badagnani (talk) 03:55, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

« why would she be wheeled to a crematorium if she were still living? »[edit]

« Badagnani » asks : « Why would [Ruth Laskier] be wheeled [by Zosia Minc] to a crematorium if she were still living? »… We don't ask you your POV, it's the testimony of Zofia Minc written in 1946, long before Business Men kept the market. If you don't agree Minc's report (1946 !), try to revert it… The legend that Rut « is believed to have died in a gas chamber, along with her mother and brother, upon her arrival with her family in August 1943 at the Auschwitz concentration camp » was built on nothing else than sand, without any question from you. In France, we know this phenomenon very well, with Simone Jacob. You can read here.

Budelberger (talk) 22:54, 6 January 2009 (UTC) ().

That doesn't answer the question. The question was 'why,' not 'where did you hear that?' Badagnani (talk) 23:09, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

The question is « Why did you revert your question ?… » --Budelberger (talk) 00:03, 7 January 2009 (UTC) ().

I'm sorry, I don't understand. Badagnani (talk) 03:55, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Gas chamber or crematorium[edit]

Why was 'crematorium' just substituted for 'gas chamber' when the source states 'gas chamber'[1]? Badagnani (talk) 04:01, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

While making the cuts, be mindful not to cut more pipe than necessary. Hayward de filter installation. Though not overly common, check for securing screws or you’ll throw out your back trying to lift it. Part 3 – ReplumbingWith the old filter out of the way we can set the DE filter onto the equipment pad for the first time. Remember measure twice, cut once.In our installation, the filter was screwed into the equipment pad.

Your source is a fake (as seen in fr.Wikipedia which is in the hands of the Lobby). Internet doesn't have the full text in Polish of Zofia Minc's testimony ; it is cut off before its end (Ha ! ha ! You can't destroy this testimony ? cut it off !) :

« Rutka była taka śliczna, że nawet dr. Mengel zwrócił na nią uwagę. Wtedy wybuchła epidemia tyfusu i cholery. Rutka zachorowała na cholerę i w ciągu kilku godzin zmieniła się nie do poznania. Został z niej tylko marny ślad. »

But in French, whe have its end (from the communist French newspaper Libération, 2008-03-10 ; here, there… ; I HAVE this newspaper in my hands) :

« Dans notre block, je dormais à côté de mon amie, Rutka Laskier, de Bedzin.Elle était tellement belle, que même le Dr Mengele l’avait remarquée. Une épidémie de typhus et de choléra a alors éclaté. Rutka a attrapé le choléra. En quelques heures, elle est devenue méconnaissable. Elle n’était plus qu’une ombre pitoyable.Je l’ai moi-même transportée dans une brouette au crématoire. Elle me suppliait de l’amener jusqu’aux barbelés pour se jeter dessus et mourir électrocutée, mais un SS marchait derrière moi avec un fusil et il ne m’a pas laissé faire. »

Nobody knows how Ruth Laskier is dead ; believersbelieve : « Laskier is believed to have died in a gas chamber, along with her mother and brother, upon her arrival with her family in August 1943 at the Auschwitz concentration camp, at the age of 14. », « On a longtemps cru que Rutka Laskier était morte à l'âge de 14 ans, gazée en août 1943 avec sa mère et son frère, dès son arrivée au camp d'extermination d'Auschwitz. », « Rutka Laskier wraz z rodziną została deportowana z będzińskiego getta w sierpniu 1943 roku i przewieziona do obozu zagłady Auschwitz-Birkenau. Tam wraz z matką i 6-letnim braciszkiem Heniusiem (Joachim) została rozłączona z ojcem i pewnie tego samego dnia zgładzona w komorze gazowej. » ; the others know that there is a historical testimony, from 1946 – not 1967 nor 1973 – written by Zofia Minc. This account is uncomplete, because it does'nt say how Ruth died. Nobody died in a « crematorium ». So, « cholera », « gas chamber » ? Nobody knows, except fakers (who write in Wikipedia, who hold it). Have a look at the « pl » : « Istnieje też inna wersja ostatnich dni Rutki, której świadkiem miała być Zofia Minc, więźniarka KL Birkenau. » ! « Istnieje też inna wersja » !… Nie ma pierwszej wersji (only a « we think that… pewnie… »), ale « istnieje inna wersja », the 1946 written one ! All of them fakers. --Budelberger (talk) 15:34, 7 January 2009 (UTC) ().

Thanks, but I don't understand the essence of your comment. Can you please make your English more clear and concise? Badagnani (talk) 18:42, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Rut Laskier, better known as Rutka (diminutive) Laskier, is probably dead. When ? We don't know. Where ? We don't know. Why ? We don't know. We only know that she was very ill (cholera) in December 1943, asking her friend for a quick death. As we don't know nothing or so about her death, fakers make fakes. --Budelberger (talk) 20:42, 7 January 2009 (UTC) ().

Thank you; that is very clear. But that doesn't answer my original question. And why did the French source say 'gas chamber' when the Polish source says, as you say, 'crematorium'? What is the Polish word for 'crematorium'? Badagnani (talk) 20:48, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Also, where is the 1946 source (you state that the statement was made in 1946)? Badagnani (talk) 20:50, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

The French sources, in March 2008, said « crematorium » (search « Rutka crématoire », e. g. Le Soir de Bruxelles) ; new 'sources' are rewritten with « gas chamber », e. g. fr.Wijipedia ; Polish 'sources' prefer a shortened text, without the last sentences (here they are : « Zawiozłam ją na taczce do krematorium. Rutka błagała mnie, bym zawiozła ją do drutów, to rzuci się na nie i prąd ją zabije, ale za taczką szedł esesman z karabinem i nie pozwolił na to. »). « crematorium » in Polish is « krematorium », or « piec krematoryjny ». Zofia Minc's testimony is in the Jewish Historical Institute, in Warsaw. --Budelberger (talk) 23:41, 7 January 2009 (UTC) ().

Thank you, that is very clear. However, it isn't clear how this source states 'gas chamber' rather than 'crematorium,' when the Polish word for crematorium is spelled nearly identically to the English word. Is the 2008 article summarizing the 1946 testimony available online, or only in libraries? And is the 1946 testimony published anywhere else or only available in the institute in Warsaw? Badagnani (talk) 07:04, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

External links modified[edit]

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The author's name is Rutka Laskier[edit]

Rutka Laskier is a published memorist. Names of published authors are spelled as they are in Wikipedia.

• 'Books by Rutka Laskier' in Get Textbooks at GetTextbooks.com
• 'Pamiętnik Rutki Laskier' by Rutka Laskier, Published 2006. ISBN-10: 83-89956-42-X / 838995642X, ISBN-13: 978-83-89956-42-2 / 9788389956422 Poeticbenttalk 16:26, 21 February 2018 (UTC)